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Robert Despenser (sometimes Robert Despensator,〔Keats-Rohan ''Domesday People'' p. 383〕 Robert Dispenser,〔Mason ''William II'' p. 75〕 or Robert fitzThurstin;〔Barlow ''William Rufus'' pp. 141–142〕 died after 1098) was a Norman officeholder and landholder in post-Conquest medieval England. Despenser was the brother of Urse d'Abetot, who was sheriff of Worcestershire shortly after the Conquest.〔 Despenser and his brother were originally from Normandy, and were tenants of the lords of Tancarville there.〔 Despenser held the office of royal steward, or dispenser, under King William II.〔 Despenser's surname derived from his office.〔 Although Despenser was married, the name of his wife is not known for sure. He may be the Robert de Abitot referred to in a confirmation charter of King Stephen of England's, but this identification is not certain.〔 In 1086, Despenser was listed in Domesday Book as holding lands as a tenant-in-chief in Gloucestershire, Leicestershire, Lincolnshire, Oxfordshire, and Warwickshire, as well as holding lands in Worcestershire from the Bishop of Worcester.〔 Robert was still alive in 1098, as he restored some estates to Westminster Abbey,〔 but likely died shortly thereafter.〔 In Normandy, Robert was a benefactor to the Priory of St. Barbe-en-Auge, which had been founded by the Tancarville lords.〔Newman ''Anglo-Norman Nobility'' p. 150〕 Despenser appears to have had no legitimate male children, as his heir was his brother Urse.〔 He may have had a daughter, as some of his lands were inherited by the Marmion family, but it is also possible that a daughter of Urse married into the Marmion family.〔Round "(Abetot, Urse d' (c.1040–1108) )" Oxford Dictionary of National Biography''〕 Despenser's office as steward may also have gone to Urse, as later the office passed to Urse's heirs. A later steward, Thurstin, might have been an illegitimate son of Despenser.〔 The medieval writer Orderic Vitalis states that it was Despenser who gave Ranulf Flambard his surname of ''Flambard'', which means torch-bearer or incendiary. This was applied to Flambard because of his overwhelming personality.〔 ==Notes== 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Robert Despenser」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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